This division aims to study the dynamics and management of the biosphere based on analytical and assessment approaches. Research activities extend to all biomes from the ocean bottom to high-mountain glaciers, to all organisms from single-celled bacteria to gigantic whales, and to all bio-related materials from inorganic nutrients to various complex organic compounds. The major research focus is placed on bio-production mechanisms, food chain dynamics and material cycling in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.