The Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering is established as a flexible education and research organization by reorganizing the existing graduate schools and major courses for science and engineering in Hiroshima University. It consists of two major course (Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Joint International Master's Programme in Sustainable Development (Hiroshima University and Leipzig University)) that contains 15 diploma programs.

The Division of Advanced Science and Engineering is established as a school for science and engineering to develop human resources who will take a central role in exploration of unknown scientific principles and technological and scientific innovation in the future. Given that securing advanced knowledge and expertise is an essential foundation for human resource development, this Graduate School consists of the following programs: science programs for developing a wide range of fundamental expertise, i.e. (1) Mathematics Program, (2) Physics Program, (3) Earth and Planetary Systems Science Program, and (4) Chemistry Program; engineering programs, i.e. (5) Applied Chemistry Program, (6) Chemical Engineering Program, (7) Electrical, Systems, and Control Engineering Program, (8) Mechanical Engineering Program, (9) Transportation and Environmental Systems Program, (10) Architecture Program, and (11) Civil and Environmental Engineering Program; and (12) Informatics and Data Science Program which is a diploma program for systematically developing not only the data processing and analysis capabilities required for various areas of expertise related to science, engineering, and the other realms but also knowledge and skills related to informatics that is a basis of such capabilities to meet the social needs.

In addition, the Graduate School also includes (13) Quantum Matter Program in which students can study both the basic materials science, condensed material physics, and the electronic engineering beyond the border and (14) Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program that provides education and research activities based on the existing specialized fields of science and engineering while integrating the existing academic frameworks beyond the border from a nature- and human-oriented bird's eye view to allow Japanese and foreign students to cope together with complicated social needs and challenges in Japan and abroad without considering the difference of their specialized fields. Furthermore, in 2021, (15) Smart Innovation Program will be newly provided to allow the university and industries to closely cooperate to promote research and development activities for social implementation and develop sophisticated human resources for the industries.