目次

IM1: Presenting Background Information

IM1-Step1: Reference to established knowledge in the field

IM1-Step1a（Definition）

is a	is a major	is a major cause of	is a major * health problem
	is a common	ex. is a common comlication of
	is a leading
	is a * cause	is a leading cause of
	is a * disorder
is an	is an important
is the	is the most	is the most common	ex. is the most common cause of
	is the leading cause of
is one of	is one of the most
cause of	leading cause of	leading cause of death
		the second leading cause of
	leading cause of cancer-related death
	most common cause of
	cause of death from cancer
the most commonly	ex. are among the most commonly prescribed drugs
cancer is the	cancer is the leading cause of
infection is a	infection is a major cause of

 

IM1-Step1b（Characteristics）

is characterized by
is associated with	ex. which is associated with
responsible for	ex. is responsible for more than * deaths
million people world wide	ex. affects * million people worldwide
resulting in	resulting in increased
lead to	which can lead to
thought to
risk of	reduce the risk of

 

IM1-Step1c（Previous studies）

have shown that	ex. trails have shown that
	ex. studies have shown that
there has been	ex. there has been a * increase in

 

IM1-Step2: Reference to a gap in established knowledge

IM1-Step2a（Problems）

is controversial
remains a	ex. remains a public health concern
remains high	ex. mortality remains high
are at * risk	ex. patients are at increased risk for
although * studies have	ex. Although several studies have found

 

IM1-Step2b（Possibilities）

estimated to	estimated to occur	ex. is estimated to occur in *% of
has been estimated	ex. it has been estimated that
	ex. has been estimated to
studies have suggested
observational studies have	ex. observational studies have suggested that

 

IM2: Reviewing Related Research

IM2-Step1: Reference to important previous research

IM2-Step1a（Previous studies）

studies have	studies have reported	ex. recent studies have reported
	ex. studies have shown that
	studies have found
	studies have examined
	studies have reported
	studies have focused on
recent studies	ex. Recent studies have reported
several studies	ex. Several studies have shown
trials have	ex. trials have shown
has been shown to	has been shown to improve
have been used	approaches have been used to
has been identified	has been identified as
trials have been	controlled trials have been done

 

IM2-Step1b（Characteristics）

is associated with
has been associated with	has been associated with increased
be effective	has been shown to be effective for
also known as
in the pathogenesis	role in the pathogenesis of

 

IM2-Step2: Reference to a gap in previous research

IM2-Step2a（Problems）

known about	ex. little is known about
	ex. less is known about
is unknown
our knowledge, no	ex. however, to our knowledge, no study
	ex. to the best of our knowledge, no
there has been no	ex. to our knowledge, there has been no
has not been	ex. has not been determined
never been	ex. has never been investigated
been limited by	ex. has been limited by * lack of
	ex. studies have been limited by
are lacking	ex. data are lacking
however,* studies	ex. however few studies have examined
risk of cardiovascular disease	ex. increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

 

IM2-Step2b（Possibilities）

studies suggest that
have suggested that	studies have suggested that
may be	ex. may be effective

 

IM3: Presenting New Research

IM3-Step1: Reference to the purpose of the present study

IM3-Step1a（Purpose）

was to	objective was to	Our objective was to	Our objective was to examine
	aim was to	Our aim was to
	the aim of this study was to
	the objective of this study was to
	the purpose of this study was to	ex. the purpose of this study was to determine
	was to examine
	was to assess
	was to compare
	was to determine
	was to test
we aimed to	we aimed to assess
	Therefore, we aimed to
	we therefore aimed to
we sought to	we sought to determine
to assess	to assess the efficacy and safty of
	to assess the effect
	to assess whether	we aimed to assess whether
to determine	to determine whether	ex. the objective of this study was to examine
to test	to test the hypothesis that
to examine	ex.the aim of this study was to examine
to investigate
to evaluate
to compare
to establish whether
to descrive
To address	To address these issues, we

 

IM3-Step2: Reference to new findings in the present study

IM3-Step2a（Present study）

Here we	Here we report
	Here we describe
	Here we present
In this article, we	In this article, we present
In this report, we
In this study, we
we report	We report
	We now report
	we report the results of	Here we report the results of
we descrive
we present
we examine

 

IM3-Step3: Reference to strategies used in the present study

IM3-Step3a（Strategies）

we conducted	we conducted a randomized	ex. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled traial
	we conducted a phase	ex. We conducted a phase 1 study
we performed	we performed a randomized	ex. We performed a rondomized, controlled trial
we investigated	we investigated the efficacy
we compared	ex. we compared the efficacy and safety of
we examined
we evaluated
we assessed	we assessed whether
we designed
We therefore	We therefore conducted a
Therefore, we	Therefore, we performed a randomized clinical trial

 

IM3-Step3b（Hypothesis）

we hypothesized that
would be	would be associated with	ex. we hypothesized that * would be associated with
we tested	we tested the hypothesis that
hypothesis was that	ex. Our hypthesis was that