The Hiroshima University Museum is a comprehensive museum serving all campuses of the university. It is comprised of the main building with permanent exhibits, satellite buildings, special exhibit spaces, the "Path of Discovery" walking trail, and other facilities. The main building acts as the core of the network, providing museum services to the entire university.

The building is covered in black steel plates and was designed by Mitsugu Okagawa, a special professor at the Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering. The steel plates were donated by JFE Steel Corporation, which has a plant in Fukuyama City. A reconstructed model of the Itsukushima Shrine donated by the National Museum of Japanese History is on permanent display (under the oversight of Masayuki Miura, a professor emeritus) within the museum.