Introduction of department
The Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital (hereinafter referred to as the Department) uses endoscopy to diagnose and treat diseases and lesions. In September 2013, a new clinical building was inaugurated at Hiroshima University Hospital, and the new Department was expansively launched on the first basement level of the building. The new Department is adjacent to the Department of Radiology. The area of the Department is 1,100 m2 and contains seven examination rooms for the gastrointestinal tract and two rooms for endoscopy using fluoroscopy with sufficient space (one of which is a negative air pressure room). The endoscopic images from all the examination rooms and the room conditions can be monitored from a separate monitoring room. A functional layout can then be determined, in which flow lines of patients are separated from those of medical workers. Sufficient spaces are included for an equipment storage room, sterilizing and cleaning room, waiting room, recovery room, dressing room, restroom, and pre-treatment room for colonoscopy, i.e., complete facilities are provided. Each examination room is equipped with the latest high-resolution video-endoscopy system. Thus, the Department became one of Japanese leading endoscopy units in terms of facility.
The Department currently performs gastrointestinal endoscopy, hepato-biliary-pancreatic endoscopy, and bronchoscopy. Doctors belonging to the Department of Endoscopy and the Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism are in charge of gastrointestinal endoscopy and hepato-biliary-pancreatic endoscopy, and doctors belonging to the Department of Respiratory Medicine are in charge of bronchoscopy.
The Department performs Japan’s and the world’s foremost endoscopic diagnoses and treatments for gastrointestinal lesions/diseases, and its accomplishments have been evaluated internationally. Many foreign and domestic doctors visit this Department to further their education. In particular, our endoscopic treatments for early esophageal, pharyngeal, gastric, small intestinal, and colorectal carcinomas have received high acclaim from experts. Staffs in the Department carefully examine even large tumors using the latest equipment, and radical treatment using endoscopic resection without a surgical operation is often performed if endoscopic resection is applicable. The Department also positively performs diagnoses and treatments for lesions/diseases of the small intestine using capsule or double-balloon endoscopy. Therefore, patients can comfortably undergo advanced endoscopy for all gastroenterological lesions/diseases.
Main examinations and treatments
1. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers (in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine)
Following advancement of the video-endoscopy system, gastrointestinal cancer can be detected at its early stage. Department staffs use a high-resolution endoscope to examine patients and perform dye-spraying endoscopic and magnifying endoscopic observations for lesions as necessary. Thus, gastrointestinal cancer is characterized with high accuracy.
2. Endoscopic ultrasonography
Ultrasonography is performed for the gastrointestinal tract using endoscopy. The depths of cancer invasion and submucosal tumors can be determined.
3. Treatment for early gastrointestinal cancers
The Department provides radical treatments for gastrointestinal cancers that are considered not to have metastasized (superficial esophageal, early gastric, early small intestinal, and early colorectal cancers) using an endoscope. Department staffs also use magnifying endoscopic observation, image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) such as narrow band imaging (NBI) and blue laser imaging (BLI), and endoscopic ultrasonography to perform preoperative diagnostics with high accuracy and positively administer endoscopic treatment based on an accurate diagnosis.
4. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases include infectious enteritis, drug-induced enteritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. The causes of infectious enteritis and drug-induced enteritis have been elucidated, but those of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease have not. Department staffs make advanced diagnoses for these diseases using magnifying endoscopic observation, image-enhanced endoscopy (NBI and BLI), and endoscopic ultrasonography.
5. Diagnosis of reflux esophagitis
Reflux esophagitis may cause heartburn. Inflammation occurs when gastric acid regurgitates into the esophagus. If reflux esophagitis continues over the long term, the esophagus may become stenosed. Department staffs also perform functional examination such as internal pressure measurements.
6. Diagnosis and treatment of a gastroduodenal ulcer
A gastroduodenal ulcer, which may cause hemorrhage and perforation, is cured by the administration of a gastric acid secretion inhibitor or removal of bacteria from the stomach (Helicobacter pylori). Endoscopic hemostasis is performed in cases of bleeding.
7. Treatment of gastrointestinal stenosis
Gastrointestinal stenosis has various causes, such as cancer and cicatricial stricture after endoscopic treatment. Bougienage, balloon dilation, and stent placement are performed for gastrointestinal stenosis.
8. Diagnosis and treatment of small intestine lesions/ diseases
The entire small intestine can be examined using double-balloon enteroscopy. Department staffs perform endoscopic diagnoses of small intestine lesions/diseases and histological diagnoses using biopsy as well as balloon dilation, endoscopic hemostasis, and polypectomy.
9. Capsule endoscopy
The small intestine can be examined using a capsule endoscopy (CE) with a width of 11 mm and length of 26 mm. The CE is swallowed with a glass of water after fasting, and it moves forward in the gastrointestinal tract because of peristalsis. No abnormal sensations, such as uneasiness, occur owing to passage of the CE. Therefore, the small intestine can be examined while a patient performs their daily activities.
In January 2014, the National Health Insurance scheme began offering coverage for expenses incurred in undergoing colonic CE. Department staffs can currently perform colon CE. However, the National Health Insurance scheme can only cover patients into whom an endoscope is difficult to insert during conventional colonoscopy.
10. Other services
(1) Gastrostomy
(2) Hemostasis for gastrointestinal bleeding
(3) Foreign body removal
(4) Measurement of internal pressure of gastrointestinal tract
(5) Diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric varices
(6) Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for hepatopancreatic diseases
(7) Bronchoscopy
Research content
【Clinical research】
- Development of new diagnostic modality for gastrointestinal (GI) tumor (image enhanced endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, etc).
- Analysis on clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound for GI tumor.
- Development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategy using double-balloon endoscopy for small-bowel lesions.
- Analysis on clinical usefulness of capsule endoscopy for GI tract (small-bowel, colon)
- Analysis on clinical study of Helicobacter pylori associated GI tumor (gastric carcinoma, MALT lymphoma, etc.).
- Development of new treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.
- New development of therapeutic endoscopy for GI tumor, including laparoscopy and endoscopy cooperative surgery (LECS).
- New medical examination for early detection of gastric carcinoma using blood (pepsinogen I/II).
- Medicine-engineering collaboration for the development of image diagnosis and endoscopic equipment.
【Basic research】
- Molecular biology for carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) tumor.
- Pharmacogenomics of drug for IBD patients.
- Establishment of the expanded indication of endoscopic resection for GI tumor (esophagus, stomach and colon).
- Pathologic oncology of GI tumor.
- Carcinogenesis of Helicobacter pylori associated GI tumor (gastric carcinoma, MALT lymphoma, etc.).
- Genomic analysis of early GI tumor and IBD.
【Multicenter study】
- Clinical study of detectability for colorectal lesions using wide-angle colonoscopy.
- Clinical usefulness of NICE classification with narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy for colorectal lesion.
- Colon capsule endoscopy (detection, preparation).
- Effectiveness and safety of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
- Long-term prognosis after ESD for patients with GI tumor.
- Long-term prognosis of T1 colorectal carcinoma.
- Prevention of stenosis after ESD for esophageal carcinoma using steroid intake.
- Clinical usefulness of prototype double balloon endoscopy for small-bowel.
- Detection of colitic cancer/dysplasia using chromoendoscopy and NBI for ulcerative colitis.
- Endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Treatment achievements
The Number of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Examinations and Treatments in 2017.
◆GI tract
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Examinations | 10,032 |
Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Examinations | 5,534 |
Endoscopic Ultrasound Examinations | 528 |
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy | 172 |
Capsule Endoscopy | 321 |
Endoscopic Treatment for Gastric Cancer (EMR/ESD) | 1/153 |
Endoscopic Treatment for Esophageal Cancer (EMR/ESD) | 1/129 |
Endoscopic Treatment for Colorectal Tumors (EMR/ESD) | 1,819/177 |
Endoscopic hemostasis (Upper/Lower) | 249/60 |
Endoscopic balloon dilatation (Upper/Lower) | 440/31 |
EIS, EVL, etc | 147 |
◆Pancreato-biliary region
ERCP related procedures | 1,315 |
Pancreato-biliary EUS | 675 |
PTBD related procedures | 388 |